Paradigm Map

Thesis Abstract Statement

GENERATIVE TYPHOON

Extreme weather such as typhoon happens more and more frequently nowadays. Facing such extreme weather, which is a form of natural energy release, what are our stands? Shall we see it as a disaster and evade it as possible as we can? Or shall we treat it as the last natural phenomenon in our civilized environment and embrace it with our most enthusiasm? I would like to take the latter one, to see typhoon a generative phenomenon. My thesis will be a repeatable architecture, which can situate anywhere along the coastal line of southeast China, where typhoon frequently passes by and brings massive destruction. I would assume that the typhoon will influence the site annually to enable me to create a long term dynamic, interactive and evolutionary process between typhoon and my project. My thesis will involve with aerodynamics, generative design computing, ecology, meteorology, engineering and geography.

This thesis will try to answer the questions including what is the architectural form in an extreme weather condition; what is the ecological system in that condition; what should the relationship be between architecture and climate, especially extreme climate; is it possible to transform passive and defensive infrastructure, such as dike, into an active element and if yes, how to transform; Is it possible to take the advantage of the typhoon instead of the conventional way of fighting with and evading it and if yes what are the methods. By answering these questions, I hope my thesis can broaden the scope of architectural disciplinary knowledge in terms of an alternative relationship between architecture and disastrous climate.

The thesis will begin with studying the qualities of typhoon in terms of its speed, energy, air flow mode, amount of rain it brings, air pressure, tracks; how is the typhoon generated; how does it develop and disappear. During this period, mapping will be intensely used, especially intensely engaged with the representation of invisible elements of typhoon, such as the air flows, humidity, energy distribution, behaviors of people in the danger of typhoon and so on. After the collection of enough information of typhoon, generative design method will be the key technology. During this phase, I will first study precedents of the emergent architecture, such as projects done by Tom Wiscombe. And afterwards I will try to use the mapping information as the source and generative methods as the tools to stimulate the design process, in another word, I hope to discover the emergent qualities of the typhoon.

During the process to the end, the artifacts would be a series of representation of typhoon qualities and installation which experiments various generative methods.

Site as Thesis

HURRICANE AS ENERGY TO SURVIVE

The large amount of hurricanes, which happen every year, is a huge disaster. By mapping the routines of the hurricane, we can find that the hurricanes very concentrate on certain area. That means this area will repeatedly encounter hurricane every year. Although compared to big earthquake, the death caused by hurricanes might not be considerable; the wealth spent on repeatedly repairing or even rebuilding homes is even larger than big earthquake. Also hurricanes will cause big wind and rains, which on one hand destroy the local infrastructure such as electricity towers, water supply, which will influence the life during hurricanes, on the other hand, will retard or even stop the outside aiding by damaging the roads. Therefore what can we do with the hurricanes? Is there any possibilities that the hurricane can provide help to survive during the disaster?

So what if in the case, I make a box represent the low rise house in fishing village. The reason I choose low rise house in fishing village is that, first fishing village always locates front line area of hurricanes tracks, secondly house in fishing village is always low-rise has a shallow foundation which is more vulnerable to hurricanes. There is a huge wind turbine on each box. When hurricane comes, wind turbine rotates which move the box to the underground. In this way, houses will not be destroyed by hurricane. Rain always comes with hurricanes; rain will be collected as drinkable water. Also wind turbine can continuously generates electricity during hurricane. In this way, this box gains water and electricity, which is the very basic element for living, from hurricane.

Demo Set

House As Thesis

Flexible House

Architecture is always designed by architects, who can be seen as generators and experienced by users, who can be seen as receivers. By designing a project, architects always predicts who will be the users, what the users might need, how will the users use this building and so on. According to the prediction, architects then design the architecture. Here, design is totally a top-down system and implies a certain degree of “determinism”. In this way, it seems like that users’ activities in the building is exactly predicted and designed by architects, or in another word “controlled” by the architect. Users always follow what the designer has provided to them. They enter the building from the main entrance where designers hope them to enter; follow the so called the right and best circulation which architects has figured for them; live and work in the room which architects has partitioned for them. They experience the same sequence of space every day. Connections to the building are passive and boring.

What if the building can be always felt fresh to users? What if users can experience the architecture in the way they wish? Then the architecture requires “Wilderness”. In the Wilderness from Far from Equilibrium written by Sanford Kwinter, the author said that “There is no central control, and the “design” does not come from the whole and trickle down to the parts, but rather travels in the opposite direction. Such bottom-up systems are called “subsumption architectures.” The natural universe is itself a subsumption architecture utterly “out of (central, single) control.” To give place to such out-of-control, adaptive, robust, self-directed designs is to allow, or to install, a degree of wildness within them.

Therefore, I am proposing a flexible house. The house should be designed by both the architect and user. The architect build up the basic framework of the house and the left work will be done by the user. During the life-long time, users can move the interior wall to adjust the layout, to add or take away some floor plates to form different space, to increase or decrease the number of the rooms according to the actual situation. There is no fixed circulation path and the experience in the house is always new. The users play a more active role in the house. In this way, I hope to erase “determinism” in a certain degree, and achieve the “wilderness” by losing the ability to predict -from the outside- what it will do.

Wildness Community

Wildness Community

Wildness is to describe an open system which contains massive individuals. Therefore such a theory may not be applied will to a house which is small and just used by limited persons. However, it might be applied to a residential community, where the amount of individuals is big enough for wildness theory to describe.

One great example of wildness theory, which I studied, is how ants find the best path to their food, which in computer science is called Ant Colony Optimization. In the real world, ants initially wader randomly, and upon finding food return to their colony while laying down pheromone trails. If other ants find such a path, they are likely not to keep travelling at random, but to instead follow the trail, returning and reinforcing it if they eventually find food. Because the shortest path allows ants to go and return more times in a certain period, this will make the pheromone stronger and attracts more ants to this best path.

However this is not the most beautiful point of this example. Because ants accidently do not follow the strongest pheromone trails, there are always some random moves. Therefore if the random move happens to find a better path, then the pheromone on this path begins to accumulate and finally exceeds the previous path. In this way, ants change their way to a better one.

In this example, although ants have very low intelligence, but they form a very robust and adaptive system to find the best path. This path is not designed by any clever guy; it is formed naturally by all the ants and can evolve during the time. Actually, the rule that ants follow in this stem is really simple: 1 follow other's pheromone 2, break the first rule sometimes. Therefore, I am questioning myself, whether a community can act in the same way. There are no right plan and right path arranged by architects. All the houses in the community are movable and people who live here follow some basic rules which designed by architects to form any shape of community which totally cannot be expected but can evolve all the time.

Lexicon 1.7 Introduction

ORGANIZATION:

Organization is a group of objects. Group members are not totally independent. Usually the organization is more powerful than the sum of each individual group member.

COMPLEX:

Complex is a descriptive word to describe the condition of the organization. Usually if a system is redundant, which means the system could work well even it lost some part, and then it is complex. Complex has nothing to do with the complexity of the group members. Even the group members are simple and the protocols between group members are also simple, the whole system can be very complex.

Lexicon 1.6 Recycling Recycling

HOUSE:

Usually it means the object which provides the living space for human body. However I would like to argue it is a place which support and provide shelter for our sensations. For instance, in terms of olfactory, we can prevent smelly smell by closing window, in terms of sight, we can control light by louvers or lighting system. With modern technology, human senses extends greatly and the house need to be reconsidered how to provide shelter and support our extended sensations nowadays.

EXTEND:

Extend is not just simply making the range of something bigger or wider. It is about after the ranges of a set of objects gets bigger and wider, their ranges get overlapped at some points. In this way they contact each other and form a bigger network. Therefore extend reach the effect that 1+1>2. Extend is not about a single object, it is about the action of a system.

Lexicon 1.5 A Thousand Years of Nonlinear History

HISTORY:

A network of events which has passed.

NON-LINEAR:

Literally, it means not linear. If something is not only caused by another thing, but caused by the comprehensive effects of a series objects, then the system they compose is non-linear. The objects in the system are in the networks and can affect each other.

Lexicon 1.4 Air/Condition

ICONOCLASM:

Attacking belief which is accepted by most people. Usually iconoclasm is about emancipate a suppressed and “negative” opinion from the positive well-accepted one. Here I see the negative and positive as two opponent of a comprehensive entity.

EMANCIPATE:

To release something. It is not to produce something new, but to get suppressed or hidden objects to the public.

Lexicon 1.3 Eidetic Operations and New Landscapes

LANDSCAPE:

landscape should be not only about the beautiful perspectives of certain locations, but also should be performative, which means, besides the appearance of this area, we can change much deeper and influential features of that area, such as the economy, ecology, customs of the nearby neighborhoods and so on by landscape.

PERFORMATIVE:

if an object or a system can intrigue or be instrumental to a process, then it is performative.

Lexicon 1.2 A Tour of The Monuments of Passaic, New Jersey

ENTROPY:

It describes the sequence of an object. The more disorder, the bigger entropy.

Eternity:

In Asian philosophy, eternity means never die, if something can last forever, then it reach eternity.

In western philosophy, eternity transcend the time, it is not about forever, because forever is a concept of time, but eternity is outside of the concept of time.

Lexicon 1.1 "Wildness"

LAISSEZ-FAIRE:
Laissez-Faire is not to interfere the development of something, its aim is to let the subject to develop according to its own intrinsic rules. There is a similar thought in China which was raised by Lao-tzu around 500 BC and this thought becomes the main thought of Taoism. This thought in Taoism is to say that we should to govern something by doing nothing that goes against its nature. Therefore when we design the building or landscape, shall we control all the circulation, do all the partition of function and other decision for the users according to our analysis? Or shall we just build up a flexible frame, let the users to develop and let the building to evolve by itself?


EVOLVE:
Evolve is to describe the process of something’s growth and development. Like the evolution in the biology, evolve here should emphasize that the main reason of the evolutions should be from the outside environment. For the creatures, the environment changes, and the creature change accordingly, for a building, the users change or their habits change, the building change accordingly. Therefore evolve is never a process which starts arbitrarily from the inside of the subject, it should start from the environment in which the subject lives.

Lastest development of my WTC Towers

Here is the latest development of my WTC towers. I used 3 floors to model each tower instead of two, therefore the shape of each tower can be zigzag instead of straight tube.

And there is a problem. Why there is such a warning when I try to modify the sketch although it seems that I can ignore.

Current progress about my Parametric WTC.

Considering that my building is actually constituted by several towers, I make one tower first. This is the ground plan for my one tower. the white is the core and pink are three office space. The office space is placed around the core using a parameter which equates the egress distance to control the distance from the center of the office space to the center of the core.

The center of the pink can only move between the 2 circle's center and the distance between the 2 circles is the egress distance. For some reason, there should be a white square which is the core in the middle, but it disappears.

And then the top floor is different from the bottom floor because I move the office space around the core freely but still within the egress distance. At last these are some variations of the WTC which I am still working on.

When I go through the tutorial, I met a problem, the first snapshot is from the tutorial video and the second is from my file. It is strange that my geometry has black edges displayed and in the tutorial there are no such black edge and the who geometry seems very smooth. Another problem is that when I orbit my sketch, the points disappears and they show up again if I stop orbiting. I am wondering whether it is just a display bug or some display settings are wrong in my digital project.